Magnetism and Multiferroism

One aspect of the combined electromagnetic force is magnetism. It refers to physical events that occur as a result of the force exerted by magnets, which are devices that generate fields that attract or repel other objects. The size of the charge, the velocity of the particle, and the strength of the magnetic field all affect the force exerted on an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. Magnetism affects all materials, albeit some are more magnetic than others. The strongest effects, known as ferromagnetism, are seen in permanent magnets made of materials such as iron. The magnetic moments of atoms' orbiting electrons account for the majority of a material's magnetic characteristics. Because the magnetic moments of atom nuclei are millions of times less than the magnetic moments of electrons, they are insignificant in the context of material magnetization.

Multiferroics are materials that contain more than one primary ferroic order parameter at the same time (i.e., in a single phase), and many researchers in the area regard materials to be multiferroics only if they have coupling between primary order parameters. However, non-primary order characteristics like antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism can be included in the definition of multiferroics.

• Spintronics
• Ferroic materials
• Magentism
• Magnetoelectric coupling
• Domains and Domain Walls
• Applications in different fields