2D Materials

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are described as crystalline solids made up of one or a few layers of atoms, where the interatomic interactions are substantially stronger in the plane than they are in the direction of stacking. Since the initial exfoliation of single-layer graphene, 2D materials have drawn interest from all around the world because of their distinctive architectures and exceptional qualities. Graphene, for instance, which is made up of hexagonally organised sp2 hybridised atoms, is superior to current materials in terms of strength, enormous carrier mobility, extremely high thermal conductivity, and great optical characteristics. Graphene may be used for a variety of purposes, including field-effect transistors, flexible electronics, photodetectors, composite materials, energy storage, accurate sensors, DNA sequencing, and drug delivery. These extraordinary capabilities and single-atomic-layer architectures make graphene possible. Numerous research projects on other 2D materials are being stimulated by the quick and successful development of graphene. A vast family of 2D materials made up of more than a thousand structures of 2D materials have been predicted to readily exfoliate into monolayers or multilayers with intriguing physical characteristics. Numerous unique 2D crystals have been experimentally realised thanks to the successful synthetic techniques based on graphene. Monolayer MoS2 and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have both lately attracted a lot of attention after being extracted at an early stage. Recently, certain graphene analogues have been created, including black phosphorene, borophene, silicene, germanane, stanene, antimonene, bismuthene, and tellurene.