Biochemical synthesis of polymers

The development of chemically varied hydrogels is required for a variety of applications, therefore polymer synthesis is customised accordingly. The produced polymers may need to be biocompatible, strong mechanically, or analyte-specific in addition to stimuli sensitivity, depending on the application. Radical polymerization, condensation polymerization, graft-copolymerization, photopolymerization, and ring-opening polymerization are a few of the several methods used to create polymers. Advanced nanoporous solids, including silicates, layered double hydroxides, carbons, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and the more recent covalent organic frameworks (COFs), exhibit high specific surface area, tunable and controlled porosity, well-controlled particle size, homogeneous distribution, and good interaction between interfacial surfaces, among other properties that vary depending on their chemical makeup. Modern nanoporous materials can also display fascinating electrical characteristics, be semiconductors, or have magnetic properties.  It is adaptable to certain uses. Biopolymers, such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polysaccharides (the most prevalent family of naturally occurring polymers), have also been taken into consideration in recent years as a source of innovative bio-based materials due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability in addition to synthetic polymers. Consequently, the blending of biopolymers with other solids, such as nanoporous materials, can produce (bio)polymer-based nanocomposites that exhibit a variety of intriguing functional characteristics. This enables their application in a variety of cutting-edge fields, including as sensors, bioplastics, environmental remediation (serving as adsorbents, filters, or catalysts), sustainable processes for resource generation, energy transformation, and storage, and biomedical uses (such as drug delivery or tissue engineering).