A system's potential failure modes, together with their causes and consequences, are identified through the process of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA; sometimes written with "failure modes" in plural). A unique FMEA worksheet is used to document the failure modes for each component and how they affect the rest of the system. Such worksheets come in a wide range of variants. A statistical failure mode ratio database paired with mathematical failure rate models can convert an FMEA from a qualitative to a quantitative study. It was one of the earliest, most formally organised, and methodical failure analysis methodologies. Reliability engineers created it in the late 1950s to research issues that could result from military system failures. A system dependability study frequently begins with an FMEA. There are several distinct kinds of FMEA analyses, including:
- Functional
- Design
- Process
FMEA is occasionally expanded to FMECA (failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis) to denote the inclusion of criticality analysis. FMEA is a single point of failure analysis using inductive reasoning (forward logic), and it is a crucial work in reliability engineering, safety engineering, and quality engineering.
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