Magnetism

A magnetic field mediates a group of physical characteristics known as magnetism, which refers to an object's ability to cause both attracting and repulsive behaviours in other objects. A magnetic field is created by electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles, and it exerts its influence on additional currents and magnetic moments. One manifestation of the coupled phenomenon known as electromagnetism is magnetism. The effects in ferromagnetic materials—which are strongly drawn to magnetic fields and may be magnetised to become permanent magnets—where magnetic fields themselves are produced—are the most well-known. It is also feasible to demagnetize a magnet. Few materials are ferromagnetic; the most popular ones are iron, cobalt, and nickel, as well as their alloys. Neodymium and samarium, two rare-earth elements, are less typical instances. Since lodestone, a kind of natural iron ore known as magnetite, Fe3O4, is where permanent magnetism was originally discovered, the prefix ferro- denotes iron. Every material possesses some form of magnetism. The classification of magnetic materials is based on their bulk susceptibility. The majority of the effects of magnetism that are observed in daily life are caused by ferromagnetism, however there are other forms of magnetism as well. Antiferromagnetic elements, such as chromium and spin glasses, have a more complicated connection with a magnetic field than paramagnetic materials, such as aluminium and oxygen. Diamagnetic materials, such as copper and carbon, are weakly repelled by a magnetic field. Because the force of a magnet on paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and antiferromagnetic materials is typically too faint to be felt and can only be detected by laboratory equipment, these materials are frequently referred to as non-magnetic in normal language. Temperature, pressure, and the magnetic field that is being applied all affect a material's magnetic state (or magnetic phase). As these factors alter, a material could display many magnetic modes.